Dermatitis is caused by an inflammatory reaction of the skin. In allergic forms, the immune system overreacts to an allergen. In irritant forms, chemicals or physical agents directly damage the skin. Genetic factors, the skin microbiome, and the skin barrier also play important roles.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on a clinical examination by a dermatologist and may include patch tests to identify responsible allergens. Medical history, occupation, and used products also help guide the diagnosis.
Treatment and Prevention
Treatment aims to reduce inflammation and restore the skin barrier. Corticosteroid creams or calcineurin inhibitors are commonly prescribed. Daily moisturizing, avoiding irritants, and wearing cotton clothing help prevent flare-ups.
